Introduction to Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles
Sensors are the "eyes and ears" of autonomous vehicles (AVs), enabling them to perceive and understand their environment. In the fundamentals of sensors and perception, we classify sensors based on their technology and range of detection. Common types include LiDAR, cameras, radar, and ultrasonic sensors. These work together to provide a 360-degree view, detecting obstacles, traffic signs, and pedestrians in real-time.
Why are sensors crucial? AVs rely on perception to make safe decisions, building on key components like the perception module from prerequisites. Without accurate sensing, navigation and control fail.
Key benefits:
- Redundancy: Multiple sensor types ensure reliability in varying conditions (e.g., fog, night).
- Data fusion: Combining outputs creates a robust environmental model.
- Range variation: Short-range for parking, long-range for highway driving.