Overview of Root Structure
Roots are essential organs in plants that anchor the plant in the soil, absorb water and nutrients, and sometimes store food. The anatomy of roots can be divided into distinct regions, each specialized for specific functions. Understanding root structure builds on knowledge of plant tissues, such as the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and vascular tissues (xylem and phloem).
Roots typically consist of three main zones:
- Zone of maturation: Where cells differentiate into specialized tissues.
- Zone of elongation: Where cells lengthen, pushing the root tip forward.
- Root cap: A protective covering at the tip.
For example, in a dicot like a bean plant, the root shows a clear central vascular cylinder (stele) surrounded by ground tissues.